Compound metal body and process of making the same.



B. E. ELDRED;

COMPOUND METAL BODY AND PROCESS OF MAKING THE SAME.

.:A PPPPPPP ION FFFFF JAN.7, 190B. EEEEE ED MAY 9,1912. 1 043,578. Patented Nov. 5, 1912.-

Inventor: 2' 5464! S TE PA O BYRON-E. annual), or BBONXVILLE, Nnw YoRx, ass mnoa 'ro THE commnacmnmsnancn conramr, on NEW YORK, N Y., ,A coarona'rron or NEW YORK.

coiurounn METALBODY nub raocnss or naxmo THE SAME.

Specification of Letters Patent. I

Patented Nov. 5, 1912.-

Appltcat'l-on filed. January 7,-1908, Serial No. 409,618. Renewed Kay 9, 1912. Serial Nox 696,277.

uniting iron, steel, and the like to copper,

To all whmn it may concern: Be it known that I, BYRON E. ELDRED, a silver andother metals is set forth, consistcitizen of the United States, residing ating essentially, in contacting an iron or Bronxville, in the county of Westchester steel body, to be coated, with supermolten 5 and State of New York, have invented a coating metal, that is, molten metal at a certain new and useful Compound Met-a1 temperature much above the melting point Body and Process of Making the Same; of such metal, and then ermitting the and I do'hereby declare the following to be molten coating metal to solidify on the sura full, clear, and exact description of. the face so contacted; and copper-coated iron 10 same, such as will enable others-skilled in or steel produced according to such process the art to which it appertains to make and is now available. Molten copper and like use the same. metals at the ver high supermolten tem- .My invention relates to articles of iron perature will pro uce a wetting contact or steel or the like weld-united to metals with clean iron or steel surfaces and after 16 of extremely high melting point, such as cooling to solidification, the copper is found platinum, iridium, etc., and in the process to be attached to the. iron or steel by a union of producing the same. I which is, or is equivalent to, a true weld Notwithstanding its high cost, platinum union, the bodies of the two metals being is extensively used for many purposes to joined at all points between abutting sur- 20 which it is especially fitted by reason of its faces in a true metallic union. According extremely high melting point, its substantial to my invention, I bring close together a freedom fromattack'by acids, alkalis, oxybody of platinum or the like of suitable en, and many other chemical substances, size and shape, and a body of iron, steel or 1ts rate of expansion or contraction with the like of suitable size and shape and pro- 25 changes of-temperature, its electrical con vided with an inseparably-united coating 30 ductivity, its power of collecting and partof this type, such coating being of copper, ing with a surface layer of oxygen, hydrosilver, gold, etc, and provide in the space gen, and other gases and vapors, 1ts catalytic between such platinum surface and such power, its color and surface appearance, surface'of copper, silver, etc., a molten body '30 and other well-known qualities. Its wellof such a high meltingmetal as gold, copper known softness, ductility, wealmess under or silver, which is capable of uniting readily, tensile and other stresses, and inability to while in the molten state, with both the take a temper militate against or prevent platinum and the coating-metal. v v its use for ,many purposes, however-{and In the accompanying drawings I illus- .85 while for most purposes for which 11: lsused trate the process as applied to the producor desired to be used, only a surface of platltion of platinum-coated rods. Obviously num is required, provided that surface can the process is not limited to the production be attached permanently to a base of anof objects of any particular character or other metal, 'still it has not been practicable shape. 7 .4 heretofore to producean inseparable union In said drawings: Figure 1 shows a cenbetween platinum I and iron, steel or like tral vertical section of apparatus adapted metals in objects of material size; for which for carrying out the invention with a billet reason it has been common to use platinum and tube to be united in place therein Fig. in thefo'rm of wire, thin sheets, etc., not- 2 shows a transverse section of the completed withstanding the high cost of the metal, billet, the relative thicknesses of the coating whena relatively infinitesimal non-{porous layers being shown exaggerated for clarity coating of" platinum inseparably united to of illustration. a base of a stronger metal would do as In the drawings, l'designates a rod or well." Such stronger metal however must billet of steel, iron, nickel-steel or the like, 50 be ahigh-meltijig one since the low melting ha ing a permanently-united or welded 10 -metals cannot safely be heated'or he hancoating of a metal such as cop er or silver dled at any high. temperature in contact 2. '3 designates a tube of platinum within with platinum.' f which the said billet 1 is laced, and 4: desig- In the patent'to J. F. Monnot, No.'853,716 nates an intermediate bo y of molten metal,

such as gold or copper, capable of uniting.

dated May 1,1907, a method of inseparably copper, is poured therein. A ferrous metal billet 1, to which a welded-on coating '2 of copper or like metal has previously been applied by any suitable method, for example that of the said Monnot PatentNo. 853,716, is then placed within the mold; this billet preferably having already been heated. For

convenience in handling the billet and avoiding oxidation of its surface, the heating is conducted under conditions precluding oxidation, and the billet is transferred to the mold 5 by means of the bell jar chamber 6' filled with producer gas and is lowered directly from said bell jar chamber into the mold. As the billet or core descends the molten metal used as a linking means, as cends in the space between the core. and the tube. This having been done after solidification of the linking metal, thecompleted billet is removed from the mold and worked in any suitablemanner to reduce it to the-final form desired. J In working down, as for instance in forming the fine wires used for leading-in wires of incandescent lamps, the joined metals, being united byaweld union, coextend together throughout. And there having been wetting contacts between the metals of the tended article or the ultimate wire.

joined layers in producing the weld-unions at the line of joinder, no spaces, spots or lines of non-union or, non-contact exist to produce linear flaws or seams in the coex- In a leading-in wire, if such a flaw or seam-exists or if there be not absolute metallic union between the joined metals, an avenue will inevitably open for the penetration of air or ases into the incandescent lamp. In reducing the oined metals, the coating layer or layers being basally held against lateral yielding by the weld union to the steel while compressed between the steel and the working tool, assume a hardened texture throughoutwhich is much like the surface texture of hard-drawn wire and are hardened, compacted and planished.

While in the drawings the particular platinum article to be united to the core of lower melting point is shown as being a tube fitting closely to the sides of the mold, the

carrying out my invention the tube 3 molten metal being within its interior, it is obvious that the particular shape shown is not material to the invention; but the shape shown is suitable for the production of an ingot from which platinum coated wire and the like maybe drawn. It is obvious that by employing proper molds, and proper forms of platinum objects to be treated, ingots, slabs, or blanks of non-platinum metals coated with platinum or like metals on the produced. Likewise, the same method may be employed in making objects coated with iridium or other metal of extremely high melting point.

Platinum-coated iron wire, produced by drawing down a platinum-iron billet produced as above described, is particularly suited for use as leading-in wire for incandescent electric lamps and other exhausted num, having a rate of expansion and contraction approaching that of some types of glass and having a suflieiently high melting point to enable it to withstand the heat of molten glass. wires has not been practicable, heretofore, because of the impossibility of producing a gas-tigtht joint between iron and glass; such diiiicul y not being experienced, however, in the case of platinum? So far as forming a joint between it and glass is concerned, the platinum-covered iron wire acts in the same manner as solid platinum. The platinum sheath acts as a sort of linking means, cohering to the glass on the one side and to the iron on the other with a permanent, gastight union in both cases. Iron wire coated with platinum as described is also suitable for use as resistance wire, the platinum covering preventing oxidation of the iron beneath, even when the latter is heated to .a high temperature. For many purposes the platinum-covered iron has important advantages as compared with solid platinum, being much stronger and harder, and, 1n the case of steel-covered platinum the steel of which contains a proper proportion of carbon, being capable of being hardened and tempered the same as steel.

In leading-in wires, the ferrous metal .used may advantageously be nickel steel. By varying the proportion of nickel in the steel, the coefiicient of expansion of the steel may be varied within considerable limits so as to make the coefiicient of expansion of the wire as a whole exactly or substantially equal to that of the particular glass in which the leading in wire 'is to be sealed.

For many purposes for which platinum is now used, it is desirable to have a certain amount of superficial porosity; as where its catalytic powers are to be utilized, such porosity increasing the total adsorbing surface, and in use for such purposes, it is freoutside or inside, or both or all sides, may be glass articles and the like, iron, like plati- The use of iron leading-in present invention, vmight lead to avenues. the underlylng steel, but with the opening to intervening-film of gold, welded to both metals, such avenues cannot open, gold not sharing this property of platlnum in such gold-linked compound metal while it does share in its resistance to ordinary chemical attack. The superficial porosity of the platinum may be even purposely increased by suitable treatments where the compound metal is to be used for catalytic purposes, as in the oxidation of',sulfur dioxid, in the manufacture of aldehydes, in self-lighting gas burners, etc. For such purposes, the compound metal after manufacture may be partially superficially corroded, it may be exposed to mixtures of reacting gases, or it may bewetted with a solution of a platinum salt and'heated.

While copper may be used as the molten metal uniting the core with a platinum sleeve in lieu of gold, I do not claim this specifically herein, neither do 1 specifically claim herein metal articles of adjusted expansion, m copending application Serial No. 477,281, filed February 11, 1909.

I have described and claimed catalytic bodies of the character stated in another application, Serial No. 409,622, filed Jan. 7,

1 By the term metal of extremely high melting oint used herein, I mean a metal the melting temperature of which is in excess of 2900 F. or in excess of the melting point of iron. By high melting metals, as used in the present case, I mean metals having a melting point which, like the melting po1nt of copper, silver and enough to allow the metal to steel working temperatures.

What I claim is 1. The process *of producing compound metal bodies, comprising a metal of the platinum group and an unlike metal of gold, is high e worked at "lower melting point inseparably united,

which consists in bringing, into proximity a heated body of a platinum metal and a heated body of an unlike high-melting metal to be united thereto, and bringing into the space between them a molten body of high-melting metal capable of uniting with both such metals and permitting the molten metal to solidify.

2. The process of producing compound bodies of unlike metals comprising a metal of the platinum group and a ferrous metal inseparably united, which consists in bringing into proximity a body of such platinum group metal and a body of ferrous metal claims to this matter occurring 1n,

having on its surface an inseparably united coating of a hi h-melting non-ferrous metal and bringing into the space between such platinum group metal and the said coating, a molten body of a high-melting metal capable of uniting to both. I

3. The process of producing compound bodies of unlike metals comprising aplati- .num group metal and a ferrous metal inseparably united, which consists in inseparably unitmg to a ferrous metal a coating of a high-melting non-ferrous metal, placing such object with the coating thereon in proximity to a body of platinum group metal and bringing into the space between them a molten body of a high-melting metal capable of uniting to both, and permitting it to solidify. Y

4. The process of producing compound bodies of unlike metals comprising a platinum group metal and a ferrous metal inseparably united, which consists in inseparably uniting to a ferrous metal a coating of a high-melting non-ferrous metal, placing such object with the coating thereon in proximity to a body of platinum group metal and bringing into the space between them a molten body of gold, and permitting it to solidify.

5. A compound metal object comprising a layer of platinum group metal inseparably united to a layer of-ferrous metal by layers of non-ferrous metals having melting points lower than either the platinum group metal I or the ferrous metaLsuch intermediate layers inseparably united to each other and one inseparably united to the ferrous metal and another to the platinum group metal.

6. A compound metal object comprising a layer of platinum inseparably united to a layer of ferrous metal by layers of nonferrous metals having melting points lower than either the platinum or the ferrous metal, such intermediate layers inseparably united to each other and one inseparably united to the ferrous metal and another to the platinum. 1

7. A compound metal object comprising a layer of platinum group metal and a layer of ferrous metal inseparably united by intermediate layers of copper and gold, the copper inseparably united to .the ferrous metal, the gold inseparably united to, the platinum group metal and said copper and gold layers inseparably united to each other.

8. A compound metal object comprising a layer of platinum and a layer of ferrous metal inseparably united by intermediate layers of copper and gold, the copper inseparably united to.the ferrous metal, the gold inseparably united to the platinum and said copper and gold layers inseparably united to each other.

9. A compound metal object comprising a layer of platinum inseparably united to a Corrections in Letters Patent No. 1,043,578.

layer of ferrous metal by intermediate layers of non-ferrous metals having melting points lower than either the platinum or the ferrous metal, such intermediate layers being inseparably united to. each'other and one being inseparably united to the ferrous metal and another to the platinum, said plurality of joined layers having been extended together.

10. A compound metal object comprising a layer of platinum inseparably united to a layerof ferrous metal'by intermediate highmelting non-ferrous metal, such metal havplatinum.

12. A compound metal object comprising a layer of platinum inseparably united to a,

layer of ferrous metal loyintermediate linking high-melting non-ferrous metal, such linking metal comprising a layer of copper and such intermediate metal being inseparably united to the ferrous metal and to the 14. A compound metal object comprising, a layer of platinum inseparably united to a layer of nickel-steel by intermediate linking high-melting non-ferrous metal, such linking metal comprising a layer of copper and such intermediate metal being inseparably united to the ferrous metal and to the platinum, and the plurality of joined layers of metal having been extended together.

In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature, in the presence of two witnesses.

BYRON E. ELDRED.

' Witnesses: v

' PHILLIPS BLAGDELL,

' H. M.-MARBLE;

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,043,578, granted November 5; 1912, upon the application of Byron E. Eldred, of Bronxville, New York, for animprovement in "Compound Metal Bodies and Processes of Making the Same,

errors appear in the printed specificationrequiring correction as follows: Page 4,

line 26, for the compound word nickel-steel read f611'Ol l8 metal, and same page,

line 5i, for the words ferrous metal read nickel-steel; and that the srid Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform to I the record of the case in the Patent Ofiice.

[SEAL-1 o. c. BILLINGS,

I Acting Commissioner of Patents.

Corrections in Letters Patent No. 1,043,578.

layer of ferrous metal by intermediate layers of non-ferrous metals having melting points lower than either the platinum or the ferrous metal, such intermediate layers being inseparably united to. each'other and one being inseparably united to the ferrous metal and another to the platinum, said plurality of joined layers having been extended together.

10. A compound metal object comprising a layer of platinum inseparably united to a layerof ferrous metal'by intermediate highmelting non-ferrous metal, such metal havplatinum.

12. A compound metal object comprising a layer of platinum inseparably united to a,

layer of ferrous metal loyintermediate linking high-melting non-ferrous metal, such linking metal comprising a layer of copper and such intermediate metal being inseparably united to the ferrous metal and to the 14. A compound metal object comprising, a layer of platinum inseparably united to a layer of nickel-steel by intermediate linking high-melting non-ferrous metal, such linking metal comprising a layer of copper and such intermediate metal being inseparably united to the ferrous metal and to the platinum, and the plurality of joined layers of metal having been extended together.

In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature, in the presence of two witnesses.

BYRON E. ELDRED.

' Witnesses: v

' PHILLIPS BLAGDELL,

' H. M.-MARBLE;

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,043,578, granted November 5; 1912, upon the application of Byron E. Eldred, of Bronxville, New York, for animprovement in "Compound Metal Bodies and Processes of Making the Same,

errors appear in the printed specificationrequiring correction as follows: Page 4,

line 26, for the compound word nickel-steel read f611'Ol l8 metal, and same page,

line 5i, for the words ferrous metal read nickel-steel; and that the srid Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform to I the record of the case in the Patent Ofiice.

[SEAL-1 o. c. BILLINGS,

I Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

